Dual battery control module 2016 chevy malibu

Duralast Battery Current Sensor SU15180. Part # SU15180. SKU # 595142. Limited-Lifetime Warranty. Check if this fits your Chevrolet Malibu. $2899.

Gen 8 Malibu, Years 2013-2015 and 2016 Limited. Gen 8 Problems ... 2013 Chevy Malibu LT Battery Saver Active and other issues. Jump to Latest Follow 12353 Views 6 Replies 5 ... Another part in these vehicles which plays an important role in determining where generator juice is sent is the Duel Battery Control Module. It sits …The "dual battery control module" keeps going out. There has to be more to this. Is this a problem with my 2014 Malibu, I took mine to dealer, they ran diagnostics …2016 Malibu Limited dual battery issue Jump to Latest Follow 9325 Views 5 Replies 2 Participants Last post by campb292 , Apr 27, 2021 WenLo Discussion starter · Apr 26, 2021 dual battery was going out, check engine light came on, took it to the dealership (months ago) no batteries available.Dec 29, 2021 · Without seeing current codes, I'd suspect the intake manifold bolts being loose, brake pedal position sensor or dual battery control module. Need all current codes to know more. 2016 Chevy Malibu 1LT 1.5T/6-Speed 150k miles 2019 F-150 SuperCrew 5.0L 2022 Mazda CX-5 PP 2.5 • DTC U0155 in multiple modules indicating loss of communication with the IPC. Page 2 December, 2020 Bulletin No.: 20-NA-212 ... control module damage may occur. • Stable battery voltage is critical during programming. Any fluctuation, spiking, over ... involves the 2020 Chevrolet Corvette, Cadillac CT5 and CT4, as well as the upcoming full ...The code p305f meaning on the Chevy Malibu is for dual battery control module performance. This vehicle has two batteries, a primary and a secondary one. …Dual Battery Control Module P305F Chevy Malibu – Condition/Concern. The Engine Control Module (ECM) of some 2014–2016 Malibu models with the 2.5L 4 …

[Chevrolet Malibu Limited: 2016] - [Chevrolet Malibu: 2014, 2015] Product information . Technical Details. Manufacturer ‎Dorman Products : Brand ‎Dorman : Item ... hold the device and the 3 nuts on the other side of the fuses as you have to remove the 3 small fuses to remove the dual battery control module. Put it back together ...Jan 17, 2022 · 2016 Chevy Malibu 1LT 1.5T/6-Speed 150k miles 2019 F-150 SuperCrew 5.0L 2022 Mazda CX-5 ... The code does pull up and say that it is the dual battery control module ... Dec 29, 2021 · Without seeing current codes, I'd suspect the intake manifold bolts being loose, brake pedal position sensor or dual battery control module. Need all current codes to know more. 2016 Chevy Malibu 1LT 1.5T/6-Speed 150k miles 2019 F-150 SuperCrew 5.0L 2022 Mazda CX-5 PP 2.5 Tectran 670-DDSG Doubledual Plug Assy Dual Pole Screw Type W/Spgrd. No ratings or reviews yet. $31.61 New---- Used; ... Genuine Mopar Totally Integrated Power Module Cover 68053635AB. $42.95. Trending at $50.48. Battery Fuse Dorman 924-082. $18.17 ... 14 15 16 Chevrolet Malibu Fuse Battery Distribution Block 23223079 OEM. Be the …I have a 2014 Chevy Malibu and the alternator is pushing 13.9 volts that my auxiliary battery is getting, ... Gen 8 Malibu, Years 2013-2015 and 2016 Limited. Gen 8 General Discussion Alternator is not ... to the terminals on the main battery. If the DBCM (dual battery control module) isn't working right, ...

Batteries and bulbs are essential items that we use every day in our homes, offices, and other places. Whether you need them for your flashlight, remote control, or any other device, it’s important to know where to find them and how to save...While I had a LT w/ 8" Mylink loaner I decided to pop out that dual USB module and compare with the module in my car. Both connect with a miniUSB connector and separate 5V power connector. I ordered part 13509942 ($32 bucks at my dealer, $50-70 online), popped out my single port module and installed the dual port module. ... 2016 …If you are having any of these problems with your 2016 Chevy Malibu, you should take it to a qualified mechanic or dealership for service. 2012 Chevy Malibu Climate Control Unit Not Working . If you’re driving a 2012 Chevy Malibu and notice that the climate control unit isn’t working, you can check a few things before taking it to a mechanic.Ignatius N. Munyiri, Ruth W. Thinguri, Paul Edabu. Influence of School Managers' Training on Disaster Risk Management in Public Secondary Schools within Nairobi City County Kenya. American Journal of Educational Research. 2019; 7 (12):948-956. doi: 10.12691/education-7-12-9. Correspondence to: Ignatius N. Munyiri, School of Education, Mount ...

Methods of program evaluation.

I moved your discussion to the gen8 section and added Limited to the title. I am guessing the battery is leaking from the positive terminal as that is where the fuse block and dual battery control module sits. That's some bad luck - it is rare for an AGM battery to start leaking.Feb 25, 2021 · If there is a code it might point to the dual battery control module but I'd start with maintenance first. 2016 Chevy Malibu 1LT 1.5T/6-Speed 150k miles 2019 F-150 SuperCrew 5.0L 2022 Mazda CX-5 PP 2.5 Code P305F Description. This system uses a dual battery configuration which includes the 12 V primary battery and 12 V auxiliary battery. The dual battery control module switches the 12 V primary battery and 12 V auxiliary battery in and out at appropriate times to support vehicle loads and battery charging. During engine crank, …Symptoms of a bad transmission control module include: You can’t shift gears or your vehicle is stuck in gear. You experience significantly lower gas mileage. Your vehicle seems to have trouble downshifting when your vehicle slows down. Your vehicle’s engine roars loudly and has difficulty shifting to higher gears when you attempt to ...

Owner's manual. Plastic pry set. Step 1: Remove the dash trim cover. The dash trim hides the mounting brackets for components such as the radio and the AC control module. This will need to be removed to gain access to the AC control module. On some vehicles this trim is able to be pried off gently with the plastic trim tools.There is a service bulletin out with testing for an issue with the dual battery isolation module, which I have attached. This is a known issue, so I would start with that testing. …The code p305f meaning on the Chevy Malibu is for dual battery control module performance. This vehicle has two batteries, a primary and a secondary one. …Sep 18, 2022 · This is somewat a question from I first wrote the post on the infamous P306. I have learned that whenever you chang a main battery in a 2016 chevy malibu limited lt 2.5 tha the battery has to be learned . ok my question is when replacing the aux battery same car is does the aux battery have to get learned again also or does it get learned when the main battery gets learned How to change the battery in the smart key fob remote control for a 9th generation 2016 to 2023 Chevy Malibu. Main Menu Home Digital Cameras. Misc. Pictures Articles My Blog Home 2020 Malibu Key Fob: Back Side Smart Fob: Button - Left Side: This automotive maintenance tutorial was specifically written to assist owners of the ninth generation ...127,000 miles. The contact owns a 2015 Chevrolet Malibu. The contact stated that while driving at various speeds, the check engine warning light and the message "dual battery" were displayed. The ...If you are having any of these problems with your 2016 Chevy Malibu, you should take it to a qualified mechanic or dealership for service. 2012 Chevy Malibu Climate Control Unit Not Working . If you’re driving a 2012 Chevy Malibu and notice that the climate control unit isn’t working, you can check a few things before taking it to a mechanic.Dual Battery Control Module Performance. Diagnostic Fault Information. CircuitShort to GroundOpen/High ResistanceShort to VoltageSignal Performance. ... Check engine light came on for 2015 Chevy Malibu 67967 miles no other warnings Just received a diagnostic from Onstar indicating to check the engine or transmission Had a shop test and state to ...Gen 8 Malibu, Years 2013-2015 and 2016 Limited. Gen 8 ... the fix only comes from a complete replacement of the fuse block on top of your battery as well as replacing the dual battery isolation module and possibly the positive battery cable that runs the length of the ... purchase here2015 chevy malibu battery fuse block | eBay ...

Symptoms of a bad transmission control module include: You can’t shift gears or your vehicle is stuck in gear. You experience significantly lower gas mileage. Your vehicle seems to have trouble downshifting when your vehicle slows down. Your vehicle’s engine roars loudly and has difficulty shifting to higher gears when you attempt to ...

The code p305f meaning on the Chevy Malibu is for dual battery control module performance. This vehicle has two batteries, a primary and a secondary one. The control module is responsible for switching from the first and second one as needed so that one can charge, or so that both can work under heavy load. If the system is not working then You ...The engine control module (ECM) plays a crucial role in modern vehicles by managing various aspects of the engine’s performance. It is responsible for monitoring and controlling various components, ensuring optimal fuel efficiency, emission...Intro 2016 Chevy Malibu P305f dual battery control module performance. sponsored_ hobbies 93 subscribers Subscribe 10 Share 1.8K views 1 year ago Hello …So when the battery voltage goes down enough, the car enters "battery saver" mode, i.e., lights flashing, loss of power steering, and eventually the car shuts off. I guess I would start with the cheep stuff. Check all the ground connections from the battery cables to the body, make sure none are rusted or loose.The code p305f meaning on the Chevy Malibu is for dual battery control module performance. This vehicle has two batteries, a primary and a secondary one. The control module is responsible for switching from the first and second one as needed so that one can charge, or so that both can work under heavy load. If the system is not working then You ...Genuine GM Accessory AC and DC Power Control Module 13438997. $112.66. +$15.27 shipping. GM 2016-20 power inverter module for rear seat household AC outlet. NEW 13438997. 21706 posts · Joined 2009. #2 · Jan 13, 2021. Please share more info about your car. Never, ever, ever use the Aux battery to jump another car. It is there to supply juice to the radio, HVAC, and other items when your engine is off. The main battery under the hood always starts your engine, so that is the one you should use to jump another car.Duralast Battery Current Sensor SU15180. Part # SU15180. SKU # 595142. Limited-Lifetime Warranty. Check if this fits your Chevrolet Malibu. $2899.21706 posts · Joined 2009. #2 · Jan 13, 2021. Please share more info about your car. Never, ever, ever use the Aux battery to jump another car. It is there to supply juice to the radio, HVAC, and other items when your engine is off. The main battery under the hood always starts your engine, so that is the one you should use to jump another car.

Kansas wvu.

Makala weaver.

This condition may be due to an open in circuit 6386 at X115 cavity 34 or cavity 2 of the K125 Dual Battery Control Module (DBIM) The ECM grounds this circuit to signal the DBIM the vehicle is cranking and to energize the KR27 starter relay in the X50A Underhood Fuse Block. If the signal is not present the DBIM willThe average cost for a Chevrolet Malibu Powertrain Control Module Replacement is between $547 and $625. Labor costs are estimated between $80 and $100 while parts are priced between $468 and $525. Your location and vehicle may affect the price of Powertrain Control Module Replacement.Duralast Battery Current Sensor SU15180. Part # SU15180. SKU # 595142. Limited-Lifetime Warranty. Check if this fits your Chevrolet Malibu. $2899.There is a dual battery control module that will report codes for example. "some suffer from insanity, I choose to enjoy it" John '15 1LT 2.5 - '16 Equinox LTZ 3.6 AWD - '23 Silverado LTZ 6.2 - '20 Traverse High Country AWD Ski Doo's - Boats - FLHR - Spyder F3SIf you seek something to prevent auto stop continually, Trifecta has an auto stop delete option: 2014--2015 Chevrolet Malibu / 2016 Malibu Limited - 2.5L - AutoStop Delete Only It can be hard to fix these things on the 1st gen 2-battery start/stop system when no codes are present. At 6 years both the under hood and trunk battery should be ...Battery Positive and Negative Cable. 84157477. Battery Cable. Primary, 2.5L. Impala. 2.5l. Malibu. This GM Genuine Part is designed, engineered, and tested to rigorous standards and is backed by General Motors. MSRP $148.04. $92.19. Sep 8, 2020 · In this video we have a code P305F set on a Malibu! Works on many chevy/Gm vehicles! P305F means dual battery control module performance! And you have to be sure both batteries are charged up... Most likely a problem with aux battery but could be one of three things 1) auxillary battery, 2) dual battery control module, 3) main battery. Need code scan to see which is the culprit. If both batteries are original I would replace both as maintenance. Auxiliary battery, the one in the trunk, is what powers the radio when in auto stop. As ...Asked by Angel Oct 19, 2017 at 06:11 PM about the 2015 Chevrolet Malibu 1LT FWD. Question type: Maintenance & Repair. I have a 2015 Chevrolet Malibu with the check engine light. it gives a P0305f code. Everyone thinks is the second. battery (the one in the trunk) the car can shows how many. volts he battery has. The car dry between 12.2 and …The Chevy Silverado is a full-sized pickup truck. It uses an ABS system to monitor the brake pedal pressure and pump the brakes automatically for drivers if the wheels lock up. This is designed to help prevent skids and give the driver more... ….

Gen 8 Malibu, Years 2013-2015 and 2016 ... OPEN 18-NA-367 Replaced fuse block located on top of battery replaced a connector and one block All test indicate dual battery isolation module ... it was quite easy to replace and only needed a few sockets and a flat head screw driver to complete purchased here2015 chevy malibu battery ...2016 Chevy Malibu 1LT 1.5T/6-Speed 150k miles 2019 F-150 SuperCrew 5.0L 2022 Mazda CX-5 ... The code does pull up and say that it is the dual battery control module ...Found a new DTC P1EAB "battery energy control module/EV battery cell high voltage". Oh, oh! After some research I found a service bulletin suggesting it may be in a "high voltage lockout", state and the HV contactor relay is prevented from closing until the system is inspected prior to re-enabling. ... 2016 Chevy Malibu 1LT 1.5T/6-Speed 150k ...Owners may contact Chevrolet customer service at 1-800-222-1020. GM's number for this recall is 15176. Summary: General Motors LLC (GM) is recalling certain model year 2013-2015 Chevrolet Malibu ...6.6L gas. 6.6L diesel. High voltage battery cooling components. 1994-96. Energy storage module cooling, with eco. With denali. Energy storage module cooling with eassist. Energy storage module cooling, 2.4L. AES Modules. Your Control Module headquarters for repair needs and rebuilt modules. Quality repair services for all vehicle control modules. Life Time Warranty!21707 posts · Joined 2009. #2 · Dec 17, 2020. If you have 2 batteries, then there is a battery management module that determines if or when either battery is to be charged. If it determines that a battery is at the proper level, it'll stop the charging. This is how computer-controlled alternators are used to help get better mileage.It will explain how the system works and give you a few things to check before changing the dual battery module which may be your issue. "some suffer from insanity, I choose to enjoy it" John '15 1LT 2.5 - '16 Equinox LTZ 3.6 AWD - '23 Silverado LTZ 6.2 - '20 Traverse High Country AWD Ski Doo's - Boats - FLHR - Spyder F3SInspect the Following: - Inspect for loose unsecured electrical ground. - Verify the engine harness is not pinched underneath the main battery tray. - Inspect both main …Check Vehicle Fit. Electronic Stability System Control Module 24 Pin; Mates With Connector OE Number: 13574909; Active Front Lower Grille Shutters (VRI) 1 Year Limited Warranty. Length (in): 5-7/8 Inch. Width (in): 5-3/8 Inch. Terminal Type: Blade, Pin. Your body control module can fail due to shock, vibration, or excessive heat. Dual battery control module 2016 chevy malibu, 1. Battery Shortage. When your car's battery is running low or if it's been overcharged, it can cause problems with the power control module (PCM). One of the most common problems is a fault code displaying "C0800 03 Control Module Power Circuit Low Voltage." This code indicates that there is an issue with the power supply to the PCM., 6.6L gas. 6.6L diesel. High voltage battery cooling components. 1994-96. Energy storage module cooling, with eco. With denali. Energy storage module cooling with eassist. Energy storage module cooling, 2.4L. , 2016 Chevy Malibu 1LT 1.5T/6-Speed 150k miles 2019 F-150 SuperCrew 5.0L 2022 Mazda CX-5 PP 2.5. Reply. Save. Reactions: 1. ... Source of the problem Ending being the DUAL BATTERY CONTROL MODULE ( DBCM ) Got it at a local auto dismantlers for the price of 15$ dealer wanted over $400 . This applies from 2013 - 2015 …, Sep 18, 2022 · This is somewat a question from I first wrote the post on the infamous P306. I have learned that whenever you chang a main battery in a 2016 chevy malibu limited lt 2.5 tha the battery has to be learned . ok my question is when replacing the aux battery same car is does the aux battery have to get learned again also or does it get learned when the main battery gets learned , Diagnostic Information and Procedures - DTC P058D - For 2014 Chevrolet Malibu. This procedure is found in the Malibu (North America) Service Manual. It is located in the section: Engine/Propulsion / 12 V Starting and Charging / Diagnostic Information and Procedures. Service manuals, electrical schematics and bulletins for 1995 to current GM …, Detailed specs and features for the Used 2016 Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid including dimensions, horsepower, engine, capacity, fuel economy, transmission, engine type, cylinders, drivetrain and more., The code p305f meaning on the Chevy Malibu is for dual battery control module performance. This vehicle has two batteries, a primary and a secondary one. The control module is responsible for switching from the first and second one as needed so that one can charge, or so that both can work under heavy load. If the system is not working then You ..., The "dual battery control module" keeps going out. There has to be more to this. Is this a problem with my 2014 Malibu, I took mine to dealer, they ran diagnostics and said battery cables were loose and cleared me. Next day check iengine light came back on with same problem. How expensive is this module Save S scottw6257 2 posts · Joined 2021, Check Vehicle Fit. Electronic Stability System Control Module 24 Pin; Mates With Connector OE Number: 13574909; Active Front Lower Grille Shutters (VRI) 1 Year Limited Warranty. Length (in): 5-7/8 Inch. Width (in): 5-3/8 Inch. Terminal Type: Blade, Pin. Your body control module can fail due to shock, vibration, or excessive heat., Gen 8 Malibu, Years 2013-2015 and 2016 Limited. Gen 8 Problems/Service Issues/Troubleshooting ... i have replaced dual battery control module one time 2 years ago because a P305F or something like that code. ... Chevy Malibu Forum is the best place for owners of the sedan to connect with the community and discuss MPG, mods, and …, Owners may contact Chevrolet customer service at 1-800-222-1020. GM's number for this recall is 15176. Summary: General Motors LLC (GM) is recalling certain model year 2013-2015 Chevrolet Malibu ..., A WHILE BACK I WAS FACED WITH THE DUAL BATTERY CONTOL MODULE ... Gen 8 Malibu, Years 2013-2015 and 2016 Limited. Gen 8 Problems ... I have learned that whenever you chang a main battery in a 2016 chevy malibu limited lt 2.5 tha the battery has to be learned . ok my question is when replacing the aux battery same …, Diagnostic Information and Procedures - DTC P058D - For 2016 Chevrolet Malibu Limited (VIN 1). This procedure is found in the Malibu Limited Service Manual (N America). It is located in the section: Engine/Propulsion / 12 V Starting and Charging / Diagnostic Information and Procedures. Service manuals, electrical schematics and bulletins for …, 1. Check state of health of auxiliary battery with the GR8 tester. Not just a state of charge check. • If low, replace the battery, clear codes and re-check. • If good, proceed to step 2. 2. Check ground resistance from the Dual Battery Isolation Module (DBIM) to G103. Wiggle the harness (1) and negative battery terminal, Maximum Electric Motor Torque (Electric Assist): 107 Nm @ 1000 RPM*. Maximum Electric Motor Power (Electric Assist): 11.2kW (15 hp) mechanical @ 1000 – 2200 RPM*. Lithium Ion Battery: 115 V, 0.5 ..., 1. Check state of health of auxiliary battery with the GR8 tester. Not just a state of charge check. • If low, replace the battery, clear codes and re-check. • If good, proceed to step 2. 2. Check ground resistance from the Dual Battery Isolation Module (DBIM) to G103. Wiggle the harness (1) and negative battery terminal, The 2016 Chevy Malibu battery problems are battery drains rapidly or dead battery. This piece of the car will eventually become ineffective. The battery will need to be changed every 50,000 to 60,000 miles. It will coSTSome money, but You will have to cough up the cash to keep Your car running. You will come into nasty problems with the …, 6.6L gas. 6.6L diesel. High voltage battery cooling components. 1994-96. Energy storage module cooling, with eco. With denali. Energy storage module cooling with eassist. Energy storage module cooling, 2.4L., In part 2 of this case study about a 2014 Chevrolet Malibu LT w/ a 2.5L ecotech engine, we will go over how the dual battery control module works and try and..., Oct 3, 2021 · 2014-2016 Chevrolet Impala. 2014-2016 Chevrolet Malibu. 2014-2016 Chevrolet Impala, Malibu Factory Service Bulletin OBDII Code P305F. Condition. There may be several different causes of this code setting and before any component replacements, please follow the recommendations below. Inspect the Following: , In part 2 of this case study about a 2014 Chevrolet Malibu LT w/ a 2.5L ecotech engine, we will go over how the dual battery control module works and try and..., In Edmunds testing, it brought a Malibu Premier from zero to 60 mph in 6.4 seconds--which is about average for a midsize sedan engine upgrade. EPA fuel economy estimates for the 2.0-liter are 26 ..., 2016 malibu limited. climate control panel not working or lighting up. getting 11.3 volts at connector. heating and a/c, - Answered by a verified Chevy Mechanic ... 2014 z71 ltz 1500 climate controls aren't lit up and will not heat or cool I've disconnected the battery over night and checked ... climate control modules on 1998 chevy malibu ..., Chevrolet Malibu 2016 - 2018 All All LKN MKE ... As part of our ongoing quality improvement process, effective April 14, 2016 the High Voltage Drive Motor Battery, for the 2016-2018 Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid (GM part numbers: 24280416, 24282982, 24282981, 24282983, 24281489 ) are being placed on ... The Hybrid Powertrain Control …, A P305F code is a manufacturer specific diagnostic trouble code (DTC) and refers to a system uses a dual battery configuration which includes a 12 V primary battery and 12 V auxiliary battery. This code is mostly found in Chevrolet vehicles such as the Malibu and Impala. Quick Navigation Definition Meaning Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Common mistakes, Get a great deal on a direct-fit 2015 Chevy Malibu Battery replacement at America's #1 Battery Destination. Pick up at your purchase at an AutoZone Auto Parts store today. ... 2014 Chevrolet Malibu Battery 2016 Chevrolet Malibu Battery. Customer Reviews. Reviews for. Duralast Platinum AGM Battery BCI Group Size 49 900 CCA H8-AGM. …, The engine control module (ECM) plays a crucial role in modern vehicles by managing various aspects of the engine’s performance. It is responsible for monitoring and controlling various components, ensuring optimal fuel efficiency, emission..., 5. Disconnect the 2 battery cables (2) going to existing battery relay on the vehicle bulkhead. 5333964 6. Install the new relay (1) on the existing mounting studs on the bulkhead, and reinstall the 2 factory nuts. Tighten Tighten the nuts to 9Y (80lbin). 7. Install one piece of 1/4”dia. convoluted tubing loom (2), on the exposed section of ..., 21706 posts · Joined 2009. #2 · Jan 13, 2021. Please share more info about your car. Never, ever, ever use the Aux battery to jump another car. It is there to supply juice to the radio, HVAC, and other items when your engine is off. The main battery under the hood always starts your engine, so that is the one you should use to jump another car., Advance Auto Parts has 4 different Body Control Computer for your vehicle, ready for shipping or in-store pick up. The best part is, our Chevrolet Malibu Body Control Computer products start from as little as $145.99. When it comes to your Chevrolet Malibu, you want parts and products from only trusted brands., 1 - 8 of 8 Posts. campb292. 5176 posts · Joined 2016. #2 · Dec 31, 2021. Try the fuse removal process in post 3 of this discussion: 2018 My Link Black Screen. It has worked for some. 2016 Chevy Malibu 1LT 1.5T/6-Speed 150k miles. 2019 F-150 SuperCrew 5.0L. 2022 Mazda CX-5 PP 2.5., Get a great deal on a direct-fit 2015 Chevy Malibu Battery replacement at America's #1 Battery Destination. Pick up at your purchase at an AutoZone Auto Parts store today. ... 2014 Chevrolet Malibu Battery 2016 Chevrolet Malibu Battery. Customer Reviews. Reviews for. Duralast Platinum AGM Battery BCI Group Size 49 900 CCA H8-AGM. …, Chevrolet Impala (VIN 1) 2014 2016 Malibu 2014 2015 2.5L (RPO LKW) Malibu Limited (VIN 1) 2016 2016 2.5L (RPO LCV) Involved Region or Country North America, Israel ... • P305F: Dual Battery Control Module Performance • P058B: Battery Monitor Module Current Monitoring Performance • P058D: Battery Monitor Module Voltage Monitoring ...